Psoriasis, medically known as psoriasis, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by scaly, red patches of skin and can significantly impact not only the skin but also the quality of life of those affected. In this article, we explore the causes, symptoms, and current treatment options.  

What is psoriasis?  

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks skin cells. This leads to accelerated cell regeneration, preventing skin cells from being shed in a timely manner. The result is thick, scaly patches of skin (“plaques”) that are often accompanied by inflammation.  

Causes of psoriasis  

The exact causes of psoriasis are not yet fully understood. However, it is a multifactorial disease triggered by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors:  

1. Genetics:

- Many sufferers have a family history of psoriasis.  

- Mutations in certain genes, such as HLA-Cw6, have been associated with psoriasis.  

2. Trigger:

- Stress: Psychological stress can trigger attacks.  

- Infections: Streptococcal infections (e.g. tonsillitis) are a known trigger.  

- Medications: Beta-blockers, lithium or antimalarials can worsen the condition.  

- Lifestyle: Smoking, obesity and alcohol are other risk factors.  

Symptoms of psoriasis  

Symptoms can vary from person to person, but typically include:  

- Red, inflamed skin areas : Often covered with silvery-white scales.  

- Itching and burning : Especially in affected areas.  

- Dry skin cracks : which can be painful.  

- Changes in the nails: pitting, discoloration or brittle nails.  

- Joint problems: In psoriatic arthritis, a concomitant disease, joints can become painful and swollen.  

Treatment options  

Psoriasis is not curable, but it is treatable. Therapy aims to relieve symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent flare-ups.  

1. Topical treatments:

- Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and itching.  

- Vitamin D derivatives: Slow down cell growth.  

- Salicylic acid: Removes dandruff.  

- Moisturizers: Keep skin supple and reduce dryness.  

2. Phototherapy:

- UVB light therapy can improve the appearance of the skin by slowing cell growth.  

- Combined UVA therapy (PUVA) is used in more severe cases.  

3. Systemic therapies:

- Immunosuppressants : Methotrexate or cyclosporine suppress the overactive immune response.  

- Biologics : These modern drugs, such as adalimumab or secukinumab, specifically target pro-inflammatory molecules in the immune system.  

4. Lifestyle changes:

- Stress reduction : Stress is a known trigger for psoriasis flare-ups. Methods such as yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels.  

- Diet : A balanced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain products and omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. from fish or flaxseed) can have an anti-inflammatory effect.  

- Weight management : Excess weight puts strain on the body and can worsen psoriasis. Maintaining a healthy weight can improve symptoms.  

- Avoid smoking and alcohol : These can worsen attacks and should be avoided if possible.  

- Exercise : Regular physical activity promotes well-being and can reduce inflammation.  

5. Skin care:

- Daily moisturizing : The skin should be cared for daily with rich creams or ointments to keep it supple and prevent it from drying out.  

- Gentle cleansing : Use mild, pH-neutral cleansing products to avoid further irritating the skin.  

- Baths with additives : Medicinal oil baths or salt from the Dead Sea can soothe the skin and remove dandruff.  

- Avoiding skin irritation : Clothing made of soft, breathable materials such as cotton helps minimize mechanical irritation. Avoiding scratchy fabrics and harsh chemicals is also important.  

When should you see a doctor?  

If you notice symptoms such as persistent itching, scaly skin, or joint pain, a visit to a dermatologist is recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the disease from progressing and improve your quality of life.  

Conclusion  

Psoriasis is a complex condition that extends beyond the skin. However, with the right treatment, targeted skincare, and a conscious lifestyle, you can effectively control symptoms and live a fulfilling life. Talk to your doctor about the best options for you!